World Conservation Strategies :
Earth is the hub of renewable and non-renewable resources. Increase in the population number and consumption it makes the renewable resources to get shrink and there is a heavy demands on it results the destruction of these resources.
Until there is no ethical adoption or any economic order, sustainable development programme the conservation of living as well as non-living resources will be in the state of chaos. But mean while considering the wildlife, it is worthy to make its conservation through conservation strategies.
Conservation concerning the maintenance of sustainability of living resources in rational way. This implies the needs provided to wildlife to make their life comfortable without threatness and sustainable development is nothing but the policies or programme execute for growth as well as to increase their life expectancy or increasing longevity.
Objective Of Conservation :
i. Maintenance of essential ecological process and life support system.
ii. Preservation of genetic diversity ( necessary of food production and other aspect of survival ).
iii. Sustainable utilization of species and ecosystems.
To achieve the above objectives the following requirement are most to be fulfilled;
a) For ecological process and life support system;
1. Reserve good cropland for crop .
2. Manage cropland to high, ecologically sound standards.
3. Control the discharge of pollutant.
4. Managing the principal goal for watershed forests and pastures is protection of the watershed.
5. Ensure that the principal management goal for estuaries, mangrove swamps and other coastal wetlands and shallow critical for fisheries.
b) For genetic diversity ;
1. Prevent the extinction of species.
2. Preserve many varities as possible of crop plants, forage plants, timber trees, livestock, animals for aquaculture etc.
3. Ensure that ‘on site preservation programmes’ which protect the wild relatives of economically valuable and other useful plants, animals and their habitats.
4. Determine the size, distribution, and management of protected areas on the basis of needs of the ecosystem, the plants and animal communities they are intended to protect.
5. Co-ordinate national protected area programmes with international ones.
c) For sustainable utilisation;
1. Determine the productive capacities of exploited species and ecosystem with ensuring that the utilization does not exceed those capacities.
2. Adopt conservative management objective for the utilization of species and ecosystem.
3. Reduce excessive yields to sustainable levels.
4. Maintain the habitats of resources species.
5. Regulate international trade in wild plants and animals.
6. Limit firewood consumption to sustainable levels.
7. Regulate the stocking of grazing lands so that the long term productivity of plants and animals can be maintained.
Conservation And Protection Laws ( With reference to India ) :
By realising the importance of wildlife resources and problem of its extinction, India continuously propounded the programme and wildlife Acts. Due to the more concerns and priorities of wildlife resources worldwide the International Union for Conservation Of Natural Resources was formed along with it the Survival Service Commission also a crucial statutory body which collect the up-to-date data about every species of animals who are at the verge of extinction.
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is also very much concerned about conservation strategies. Indian Board of Wildlife was established in 1952 and subsequently an All India Wildlife Protection Act in 1972 was acted. Later it was represents the ‘’Convention On International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora’’ (CITES 1976) and launched the UNESCOS MAB ( Man and the Biosphere ) programme in 1971.
Conservation projects for endangered species like Hangual (1970), Lion (1972), Tiger (1973), Crocodile (1974), and Brown-antlered deer (1981) etc. Programme initiated by central as well as state government and collaboration with the voluntary agencies the wildlife conservation, protection and management pave a path for increase the rate of survival and decrease the rate of extinction.
Wild Animal Of India :
India has a rich and diverse wildlife resources which protection is vital for economic prosperity of the country as well as sovereignty with ecological balance. There are 45000 species of plants and 75000 species of animals in India. Some wild animals of India are listed below;
1.Reptiles :
Gharial, Green Sea Turtle, Pythons, Tortoise….. etc.
2.Mammals :
Black-Buck, Lion-tailed Macaque, Wild Ass, Hyaena, Sloth Bear, Tiger, Cheetah, Sambar, fox, Jungle Cat, Great Indian one horned Rhinoceros, Wild Buffalo, Elephant, Langur and Neelgai…. etc.
3.Birds :
Great Indian Bustard, Great Indian Hornbill, Brown Headed Gull, Mountain Quail, Peacock, Peafowl, Pelican and Siberian White Crane…. etc.
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